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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your regional files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple for a rear door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a target, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the poor guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly state that they have no rear door, and that's as it ought to be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document key you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main methods in encryption utilities parallel those options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each the files that you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the virtual drive solution, some products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan on using encryption. If you are not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to get a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a file into secure storage, or make an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the information still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file in place, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide secure deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting information before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar informative post to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products gathered here support AES. Even the ones that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you may prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in an integral exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is personal, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it's all the proof you need. PKI support is less common than service for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of this link a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.